Some 42 countries are either formally considering introducing certain spectrum bands for terrestrial 5G services, holding consultations regarding suitable spectrum allocations for 5G, have reserved spectrum for 5G, have announced plans to auction frequencies or have already allocated spectrum for 5G use, according to the GSA.
Another 15 countries are taking such initiatives in relation to spectrum that is not being specifically allocated to 5G.
As the Small Cell Forum has estimated, many 5G cell sites will be based on small cell architectures starting in 2018.
Some countries have multiple initiatives underway. In Europe, four countries have already completed auctions of 5G spectrum (Ireland, Latvia, Spain and UK) with another three (Germany, Greece, Norway) having recently completed auctions of spectrum that could potentially be used for 5G.
Ten countries are known to have confirmed 5G spectrum auctions between 2018 and 2020 (Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland) with three others planning auctions of potentially suitable bands (Norway, Slovakia and Switzerland).
There are 5G auctions/allocations confirmed in at least six countries in the Asia Pacific (Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Japan, and South Korea) region.
In June 2018 Korea completed a 5G auction for spectrum in the 3.42–3.7 GHz and 26.5–28.9 GHz frequency bands.The United States has issued spectrum on a technology neutral basis that can be used for 5G in the 600 MHz range. It has also confirmed rights to use the spectrum at 28 GHz (27.5–28.35 GHz) and 39 GHz (37–40 GHz) for 5G.
The 2.5 GHz band also will be used for 5G. Canada has announced licensing of spectrum at 600 MHz.
Five countries have completed 5G allocations or licensing procedures in at least one spectrum band (Ireland, Latvia, United Kingdom, United States and South Korea).
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